今天早上我请oh1jd这位在芬兰的竞赛爱好者给我们大家介绍一下在芬兰的爱好者的装备的情况，让大家对异国的这项活动有个了解，他非常认真的写了很多，而且还会在以后继续给大家介绍，在这里表示感谢。
下面是oh1jd这篇文章的译文
this morning, i asked a friend of mine,oh1jd,an active finnish radio amateur to discuss antennas with finnish characteristics on this web, so that all of us can take a glimpse of what they do in their homeland. he spared a lot of his precious time to write a very long article, besides, he promised to write more in the future. i appreciate his kindness and his support.
the below is the chinese translation of oh1jd's article.
finnish contest stations and antennas
芬兰的竞赛电台和天线
hello from shanghai
ed asked me to tell a little bit of contest station setups in my home oh-land.
ba4ed叫我向大家介绍一下我家乡（芬兰）的竞赛电台的架设。
as you may already know, finland is very badly located when it comes to the geomagnetics of the earth. even in southern parts of finland, we are quite often under the aurora-belt which blocks us out from the rest of the world propagationwise. however terrible the propagation would be, oh-stations are still quite often seen in the top-scorer places in contests. just take a look at the major contests, there we are.
也许大家已经知道，芬兰的地理位置不适合电台通信。即使在芬兰的南部，我们也常因为受到极圈的影响而影响传播。不管信号如何不好，我们芬兰电台仍然常常名列竞赛得分的前列。去看一下主要的赛事，你就知道了。
ok, how do we compete against the nature then. as everyone realizes, there are two main elements that you can improve in your station "to be heard", power and antennas. if you put the population of finland, 5 million people, into the area provided (one of the biggest countries in europe in area), it is obvious that we have some space to hang wires and aluminum in the air to boost our little signals. so here we go... antennas are the most important parts of your signal and it is especially important in the places where stations running multiple antennas are beaten up by southern european stations running a whip.
那么我们是如何克服不良自然条件的呢？每个人都意识到，有两大因素影响着你电台的信号强弱，功率和天线。如果你比较一下芬兰的人口（500万）和它的面积（欧洲最大的国家之一），很显然我们有挺大的空间来悬挂电线或铝管之类从而使我们的电台信号增强。信号的强度最主要取决于天线，特别是要击败欧洲南部地理位置较好的电台。
elsewhere in these forums, i posted a picture of an average dx- station setup of a station in oh. although exaggerated with my 20 meter stacked yagis, it is very common to find a finnish amateur radio station to run a tower between 30 to 60 meters in height with either monoband yagi antennas (often stacked) or multiple triband antennas on the same tower in different configurations. 40 -meter yagi is very common nowadays (either 2-element shortened or 3 element full-size). a few stations like oh1tx, oh5br and oh2bh are utilizing yagis already on 80 meters.
在这个论坛的其他地方，我上传了一张芬兰的一个普通电台的设备。尽管我的20米波段上的双层堆叠八木天线显得有些夸张，但是芬兰电台中有一个30米到60米的塔的爱好者是很普遍的，塔上往往同时装有不同构造单波段的八木天线（常常是一堆堆的）或三波段天线。40米波段的八木现在非常普遍（有些是2单元的短天线，有的则是全尺寸的3单元天线）。有些电台像oh1tx， oh5br和oh2bh已经在80米上使用八木天线。
this is because we have land....not propagation always !!! this also makes some very active hams to select their station location...based on a ground conductivity, another important factor in station efficiency.
这是因为我们有的是地方，虽然信号不常有。这也使的一些活跃的爱好者精心挑选他们电台的方位，要考虑地面导电性，这是电台是否能高效率的另外一个重要因素。
i promised to continue further postings too and tell more about how things are done in oh-land, land of big towers, but since i have to start from something, i will introduce you to what i was running in my qth before i moved here. needless to say, that tower was taken down on summer 2002 and is now in use in oh6-land (couldnt leave it up ( )
我会继续上传更多的关于芬兰电台的信息，（我们是一个有高塔的国家）。但是我必须一点点开始，首先我想向大家介绍在搬来上海前我在家乡用的设备。不用说，那个塔在2002的夏天已经被拆掉了，现在正在oh6工作。
in my big tower (42 m from the ground) i tried different configurations, but started building it from my favorite band at that time, 20 meters.
在我的塔里（离地42米高），我尝试过不同的天线构造，但那时候从我喜欢的波段20米波段开始建造。
tower
the tower was built by oh8qd, the tower master of finland. it is fully rotatable (tower rotates inside huge bearings), turned by a 3-cycle motor which is geared down with two worm-gears (no need for additional break, worm-gear with substantial downshift ration will be enough). it is guyed at two levels, 18 meters and 34 meters, leaving 8 meters freestanding atop the tower. guy lines were taken far away from the tower to enable installing antennas between the guys.
塔
塔是由oh8qd建造的，他是芬兰的造塔能手。此塔可以完全旋转（塔在巨大的轴承里旋转），由一个三相马达来转动，此马达通过两套慢速齿轮来减速（无须使用另外的刹车，慢速齿轮足够把速度往下调）。它有两层拉线，分别是18米和34米，靠近顶部8米处不用拉线。拉线要离塔远点这样可以保证在拉索间可以安装天线。
20 meter stack （20米的堆叠天线）
as in every country, there are masters of the antennas in finland too. i boughed my two 5-element 20-meter yagis from oh1jt and oh2he. those are not little babies at all. with a boom length of 18 meters and weight of about 70 kg (140 jin) each, they were not easy at all to wrench up to the tower. but as soon as they were taken into their positions...boy; the world of unheard signals came up. with a gain, added with a good ground that surrounds my qth, the estimated gain (with the ground effect) was supposed to be almost 18 db...i believe it was. the stack was matched with series matching unit (not with 75 ohm quarter-line sections) because of the availability of such coax right on spot. i will talk more about matching stacked antennas later (just to let you know what i did...there are loads of articles of matching available). later during some years, i tried several ways of phasing the antennas, running them separately, etc., but always found the fixed phasing better for my use. the antennas by the way were attached at the tip of the tower (42 meters) and half way down (20 meters) i.e. with more than 1 wavelength apart (coz of the boomlength).
正如每个国家一样，芬兰也有天线能手。我从oh1jt和oh2he那里买了2副5单元20米波段的八木天线。你可别小看他们。横梁长度是18米，重量是每副70公斤，很难把他们弄到塔上去。然而一旦他们被安装到位，天哪，从没听到过的信号也来了。有了增益，再加上一个好的地面，估计增益大概在18db。这两副天线由一系列的匹配单元来匹配（不是用75欧姆的1/4线）因为我们那里很容易得到这种电缆。以后我将更多地谈谈如何匹配堆叠天线（只是想大家知道我在家乡时用的是怎么样的配置，有很多关于匹配的文章）。之后的几年中，我试过好几种天线的相位控制方法，分开使用，但是总是觉得没有什么比这种固定相位更适合我的了。天线被安装在塔的顶部（42米高），和一半的地方，（20米），并且相隔1波长。
as i wasnt that eager to get into other bands yet, it took me years to get the other antennas up. final setup was as follows:
40 m 3-element @ 36 m
20 m 5-o-5 @ 42m/20m
15 m 4-element @ 28 m
10 m 5-element @ 26 m
因为我还不急着去其他波段，所以我花了好几年再把其他天线架好。最后我的装备是这样的：
7兆/40米 3单元 在36米高
14兆/20米 5-5双层分别在42米和20米
21兆/15米 4单元 在28米
28兆/10米 5单元 在26米
for 80 meters i tried several wire antennas, dipoles, inverted v's, l's, and verticals. in this category, my best ever antenna was a top-loaded 80 meter vertical (13 m high) with only 9 radials...the reason why it worked so well was the fact that the ground surrounding my qth is good, well conducting soil. another reason, place for another story, is of course the powerhouse more about it next time...
在80米波段我试过好几种电线天线，偶极天线，倒v天线，倒l天线和直立天线。我最好的天线就是一个顶部加载的80米的直立天线（13米高），只有9个地网，之所以工作表现好是因为我qth 附近的地面比较导电。另外一个原因，（当然，这是另外一个故事了 ）那就是powerhouse（译者不清楚这到底是什么），下回有机会将会向大家多介绍介绍powerhouse 。
attached the picture of my antennafarm as it was still about 1 year ago. if you have any questions and want to see more about finnish amateur radio antennas, just let me know... will do my best to feed this forum with ideas that we have tried in practice.
附件中是我1年前的天线的照片。如果你有任何问题，或想了解更多芬兰无线电爱好者的天线，那么请告诉我，我将尽力在此论坛上向大家介绍。
best 73's ville oh1jd
